روز 1 فروردین 90

One difficulty that psychologists face is that many things they study, including mental growth and mental processes, are not visible. One way to ……1……the difficulty in the case of mental …2……is to compare what a child can do at a ……3…….age with what he or she could do when younger. A Swiss psychologist called Jean Piaget did this and clearly ……4……that younger children think quite ……5… from older ones. For example, the younger child, unlike the older child, is unable of understanding that when you change the shape of an object the weight does not change.

1. a. overcome    b. devote      c. explore        d. operate

2. a. interest       b. device        c. growth         d. health

3. a. regular   b. particular      c. natural        d. similar

4. a. informed     b. recorded     c. guessed      d. showed

5.a.artificially   b.differently  c.confusingly   d.extremely

Answers:

1. a. overcome    2. c. growth      3. c. natural        4. d. showed    5. b. differently 

کنکور سال 88 زبان های خارجی

Yoga is a system of training the body and the mind that has been developed by Indian religions, particularly Hinduism. People who perfect the techniques of yoga are called yogis. Through intense physical and mental exercises, they are able to free their minds of worldly thoughts and concentrate upon reaching a state of spiritual union with their god.

It is very difficult to reach this state, so the training is divided into stages, which become gradually more difficult. The first two stages cleanse the body and quieten the mind. The aim of the physical training, the third step, is to bring the body under complete control, using methods such as regulation of breathing and exercise  in posture. This is followed by mental training which makes possible undisturbed concentration.

The fifth and sixth stages of yoga aim to gain control of the mind by turning his concentration inwards, a yogi must learn to cease reacting to all outward disturbances. The final stage is supposed to unite the soul with God, the highest possible aim of Hindu.

In the 20th century, yoga became increasingly popular in the Western world, where hatha yoga, which concentrates on the physical stage, is practiced largely as an aid to relaxation.

 

1. Which sentence is NOT true according to the passage?

a. Yogis are the people who teach yoga.

b. The basis of yoga is religion.

c. Hinduism helped a lot to develop yoga.

d. Yoga goes beyond training the body.

 

2.According the passage, the superior goal of yoga is to.…

a. join one’s soul with God

b. perfect the mental techniques of yoga

c. unite the soul with the body

d. do physical and mental exercises

 

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a stage of yoga?

a. Physical training                  b. Mind quietening      

c. Controlling breathing          d. Cleansing the body

 

4. The word “disturbances” in the 3rd paragraph is closest in meaning to ……

a. emotions    b. troubles   c. pressures     d. procedures

 

5. The passage is mainly about a ………

a. religion                  b. physical training program

c. problem                 d. process

Answers:

1. a. Yogis are the people who teach yoga.

2. a. join one’s soul with God

3. c. Controlling breathing          

4. b. troubles  

5. a. religion